Solemnly committed at the General debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 22 September 2020:China will increase its contribution of state funding,CO2 emissions should peak by 2030,Working towards carbon neutrality by 2060，To achieve carbon neutrality and dual carbon by 2060 is the solemn commitment of the Chinese government to the international community, and it is also an inevitable strategic goal for the development of our steel indust. In general, the steel industry energy saving and carbon reduction, cost reduction and efficiency are the main ways: 1. Eliminate backwardness, save energy and improve energy efficiency; 2. Forming an ecological chain between steel and related industries; 3. Pay attention to the use of scrap steel resources; 4. Improve the efficiency of steel use; 5. Reduce fossil fuel consumption and find alternatives to fossil fuels; 6. Carbon dioxide collection and storage. We will do a good job in energy conservation and emission reduction, innovate technology, reduce costs and increase efficiency, and coordinate upstream and downstream carbon reduction. Relying on iron ore to achieve the two-carbon goal can only be a transition from carbon reduction to hydrogen reduction. The breakthrough of hydrogen reduction technology may take a long time, so in the future, blast furnace ironmaking will still be the mainstream technology of iron and steel industry. In the traditional process of blast-coking-sintering iron making, dust and flue gas are discharged greatly. The pollutant emissions of sintering machine and coking plant account for more than half of the total emissions of iron and steel complex enterprises, and they are the biggest pollution sources in the steel production process. Due to the devastating effect of coking on the environment, Western countries have shut down 90% of coking equipment. Therefore, reducing coke ratio, increasing pellet ratio and reducing sinter ratio are the most effective ways to save energy and reduce emission in traditional iron and steel process. The transformation and upgrading of the steel industry and the road of low-carbon and green development are inevitable trends. The global production and marketing of direct reduced iron are flourishing, and the development of hydrogen metallurgy technology is a global consensus. Under the guidance of the two-carbon policy, the main domestic iron and steel enterprises have been involved in the field of non-blast furnace ironmaking technology. Make full use of the historic opportunities faced by the non-blast furnace smelting industry, meet the difficulties, and make the industry healthy and healthy development. In the context of the global development of low-carbon economy, China's non-blast furnace smelting industry has formed an innovative development trend of multi-process equipment and process routes. Under the policy guidance of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the state encourages the development of non-blast furnace ironmaking technology, and iron and steel enterprises have the demand for transformation and development. The development of non-blast furnace iron-making technology is conducive to saving precious coking coal resources, conducive to the structural adjustment of the iron and steel industry, conducive to reducing environmental pollution and reducing CO2 emissions, conducive to the development of composite iron ore, refractory iron ore, conducive to the treatment of iron dust and ferrous slag in steel mills and other ferrous waste, in line with the general policy of circular economy. Non-blast furnace ironmaking technology is expected to become the trend of realizing low-carbon ironmaking in iron and steel industry.

Indications from the steel industry and local and global government institutions are that the breakthrough technologies for decarbonization will be based on hydrogen reduction. The employment of hydrogen in the ironmaking and steelmaking industries will push forward the global transformation of hard-to-abate industries.

The study explores the influence of binder type, binder dosage, and moisture content on the characteristics and properties of the pellets. The efficiency of binders was characterized by the moisture content, drop number test, cold compression strength, and H2 reduction of pellets. For dry pellets, CMS was superior among other binders including bentonite in developing dry strength. After firing, the pellets produced by the partial replacement of bentonite with 0.1 wt.% KemPel demonstrate a performance nearly identical to the reference pellets. While the complete replacement of bentonite with organic binder shows a lower performance of fired pellets compared to the reference, it may still be suitable for use in DR shaft furnaces. The cold-bonded pellets demonstrate a superior reduction rate compared to fired pellets.

The transformation from traditional iron- and steelmaking technologies to green H2-based new technologies will require an improvement in the quality and purity of iron ore burden materials. Iron ore pellets are essential inputs for producing direct reduced iron (DRI), but the conventional binders, used in iron ore pelletizing, introduce gangue oxides to the DRI and consequently increase the slag generation and energy consumption in the steelmaking unit. Partial and/or full replacement of the traditional binders with novel organic binders would significantly contribute to improving the process efficiency, particularly in the next-generation H2-based direct reduction technology. This study illustrates the feasibility of pelletizing magnetite iron ore concentrate using four organic binders: KemPel, Alcotac CS, Alcotac FE16, and CMC, in comparison to bentonite as a reference.

To select the best briquettes, pre-established set points were used based on the scientific literature. Within this framework, only two treatments—out of a total of 52—met all the requirements of eligibility. In the two types of briquettes, the binder of solid silicate (5.00 and 7.50%) was produced with 15.00% of water. The briquettes have the following characteristics: apparent density: 1165 kg/m3 and 1247 kg/m3 respectively, porosity: 46.2% and 46.0%; shatter strength (1.50 m): 99.3% and 98.8%; and resistance to thermal degradation: 81.2% and 82.5%.

Characterization of this waste was performed and the briquettes were produced without and with binders (Portland cement, hydrated lime, and sodium silicate), in accordance with the proportion of binder (2.50%; 5.00%; 7.50% and 10.00%). These self-reducing briquettes were tested for apparent density, porosity, shatter strength and resistance to hot degradation.

Self-reducing briquettes made with waste (silica fume, iron ore and charcoal fines) from the FeSi75 industry were studied. The objective was to determine if these briquettes could be used as a complementary load in submerged arc furnaces (SAF).

The results demonstrated that during a start-up period of 90 days, the average ammonium removal efficiency and the sulfate conversion efficiency of the reactor containing the sponge iron were 4.42% and 8.37% higher than those of the reactor without the sponge iron. The addition of the sponge iron shortens the start-up time of this greenhouse gas-free denitrification process and reduces future costs in practical applications. The removal of total nitrogen (TN) significantly increased after adding organic carbon sources and then declined sharply, while the most considerable reduction of ammonium removal efficiency from 98.4% to 30.5% was observed with adding phenol.

The typical characteristics of wastewater produced from seafood, chemical, textile, and paper industries are that it contains ammonia, sulfate, and a certain amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation process is a biochemical reaction that allows both ammonia and sulfate removal, but its low growth rate and harsh reaction conditions limit its practical application. Due to the adsorption properties of the iron sponge and its robust structure, it provides a suitable living environment for microorganisms.

Gas-based direct reduction iron (DRI), which has been commercialized, is made from natural gas or coal. In recent years, with the global attention to carbon dioxide emissions, active research has been carried out on the low carbonization of DRI processes, mainly carbon dioxide removal in existing commercial DRI processes or the use of renewable energy to produce reducing gas.